Sensation and Perception free essay sample

On account of the nose, ears, eyes, tongue, and skin, we can envision a day at the lake: glinting blue sky, new water, warm sand (in the event that they have it), and sounding geese. Our insight into the world relies upon the faculties: vision, hearing, taste, smell, position, development, equalization, and contact. In the event that somebody bobs a ball, our eyes and ears get improvements, for example, light and sound waves and impart neural signs to the mind. This procedure called sensation happens when physical vitality from objects on the planet or in the body animates the sense organs. In any case, just when the signs meet up definitively do we really see a bobbing b-ball. Recognition happens when the mind sorts out and deciphers tactile data. Sensation and observation happen together, and ordinarily we don’t recognize the two separate procedures. We utilize each of the five of our detects and sort out the data we get from them each day of our lives. Sensation is the procedure by which physical vitality from objects on the planet or in the body invigorates the sense organs. The mind deciphers and sorts out this tactile data in a procedure called discernment. Psychophysics is the investigation of how the physical properties of boosts identify with people’s experience of upgrades. Examination in psychophysics has uncovered a lot of data about the sharpness of the faculties. Therapists evaluate the sharpness of the faculties in three different ways: 1. Estimating the outright edge 2. Estimating the distinction edge 3. Applying signal discovery hypothesis The supreme edge is the base measure of incitement required for an individual to distinguish the boost 50 percent of the time. The distinction limit is the littlest contrast in incitement that can be recognized 50 percent of the time. The distinction edge is some of the time called the Just Noticeable Difference (JND), and it relies upon the quality of the boost. In the event that somebody were looking at two feeble improvements, for example, two marginally sweet fluids, he’d have the option to distinguish a significant little distinction in the measure of pleasantness. Be that as it may, on the off chance that he were contrasting two exceptional upgrades, for example, two amazingly sweet fluids, he could distinguish just an a lot greater distinction in the measure of pleasantness. Nineteenth-century therapist Ernst Weber proposed a rule showing the way that we can’t recognize the contrast between two boosts except if they vary by a specific extent and that this extent is steady. As it were, the simply observable contrast for an upgrade is in a fixed extent to the greatness of a boost. Weber’s Law remains constant aside from in the most outrageous sorts of incitement. Scientists utilize signal identification hypothesis to foresee when a powerless sign will be distinguished. This hypothesis considers the way that the capacity to recognize a sign depends on the quality of the sign as well as on the perceiver’s experience, inspiration, desire, and level of readiness. Various individuals react diversely to a similar sign, and a similar individual may identify a specific sign at once yet not another. Besides, individuals can regularly recognize one kind of sign in a tactile methodology, for example, hearing or vision however be careless in regards to different sorts of signs in the equivalent tangible methodology. At the point when individuals stroll into an eatery, they most likely notification food smells immediately. In any case, as they sit in the café, the scents step by step become less recognizable. This wonder happens in view of tangible adjustment. Tactile adjustment is the lessening in affectability to a perpetual boost. The scents don’t disappearâ€the individuals simply become less delicate to them. Children have all the fundamental tactile capacities and numerous perceptual aptitudes, yet these capacities create and develop progressively delicate after some time. Children can perceive the contrast between a human voice and different sounds, and they can find a sound’s root. They can perceive the contrast among smells and, at an opportune time, can perceive their mother’s specific smell. With respect to taste, they can separate among sweet and salty. Children additionally have genuinely proficient visual capacities. Not long after birth, they can recognize objects of various hues and sizes. At the point when they are only half a month old, they start to separate among complexities, shadows, and examples, and they can see profundity after only a couple of months. Indeed, even inborn perceptual abilities need the correct condition to grow appropriately. An absence of specific encounters during delicate times of advancement will debilitate a person’s capacity to see the world. Individuals who were brought into the world visually impaired yet recapture their vision in adulthood as a rule locate the visual world confounding. Since these grown-ups were visually impaired in early stages, they missed the tactile encounters fundamental for their visual framework to grow completely. Vision, be that as it may, would not exist without the nearness of light. Light is electromagnetic radiation that movements as waves. Light is discharged from the sun, stars, fire, and lights. Most different items simply reflect light. Individuals experience light as having three highlights: shading, brilliance, and immersion. These three kinds of encounters originate from three comparing qualities of light waves: * The shading or tone of light relies upon its frequency, the separation between the pinnacles of its waves. * The brilliance of light is identified with force or the measure of light an item radiates or reflects. Splendor relies upon light wave plentifulness, the stature of light waves. Brilliance is likewise to some degree impacted by frequency. Yellow light will in general look more brilliant than reds or blues. * Saturation or beauty relies upon light multifaceted nature, the scope of frequencies in light. The shade of a solitary frequency is unadulterated otherworldly shading. Such lights are called completely soaked. Outside a research center, light is once in a while unadulterated or of a solitary frequency. Light is generally a blend of a few distinct frequencies. The more noteworthy number of otherworldly hues in a light, the lower the immersion.

Physio Ex Chapter free essay sample

Axons are You effectively replied: d. We will compose a custom article test on Physio Ex Chapter or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page long, slender structures that stretch out from a neuronal cell body. 2. Which of coming up next is simpler? Your answer : b. intracellular accounts of the activity potential Correct answer: a. extracellular accounts of the activity potential 3. An activity potential is typically started in an axon at or close to Your answer : c. he trigger zone Correct answer: d. the entirety of the abovementioned. The commencement of an activity potential in a tactile neuron in the body regularly Your answer : d. happens in the dendrites. Right answer: a. follows an adequately enormous depolarizing receptor potential. 05/04/12 page 1 Experiment Results You have not finished the Experiment. Trial Data: 05/04/12 page 2 Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by noting 3 out of 3 inquiries effectively. The edge voltage in an axon is typically You effectively replied: a. more positive than the resting layer potential. . On the off chance that a reviewed receptor potential made the resting film capability of the axon increasingly negative (for instance, - 70 mV changes to - 75 mV), you would expect You effectively replied: d. it to be increasingly hard for this axon to arrive at the limit voltage. 3. Inability to arrive at the edge voltage in the axon of a tactile neuron could be brought about by You accurately replied: d. the entirety of the abovementioned. 05/04/12 page 3 Review Sheet Results 1. Characterize the term limit as it applies to an activity potential. You didn't respond to this inquiry. What change in layer potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization) triggers an activity potential? You didn't respond to this inquiry. 3. How did the activity potential at R1 (or R2) change as you expanded the upgrade voltage over the edge voltage? How very much did the outcomes contrast and your forecast? You didn't respond to this inquiry. 4. An activity potential is a win or bust occasion. Clarify what is implied by this expression You didn't address this inquiry. 5. What some portion of a neuron was examined in this movement?

How to Write a College Term Paper

How to Write a College Term PaperWhen you are asked to write a college term paper, it is almost always a daunting task. It can be intimidating to write a complex term paper that you have not studied and researched in advance.You will be relying on the professor for your paper and most likely the professor did not dedicate her or his time to study the class materials yourself. This leaves you with little time to prepare and may even lead to you having to throw out your paper.For this reason it is important to be well prepared before hand and once you start writing your essay, you must understand that it will take some time. You may be very anxious to write your essay and take it to a final draft, but if you are not willing to sit down and work on it for the time it will take, it will not be done.First you need to research the topic of your college term paper, this means first understanding the theme of the course. Make sure that you understand the entire course in its entirety. You wi ll find that there is a theme to most every subject taught in college.Secondly, you must then decide which part of the course you would like to focus on and which you would like to skip so you do not miss any particular topic. This process is very important and you must not forget about it at all.Thirdly, you must now collect the right information that will be required to get through your class. There are many resources on the internet that can help you with this; make sure that you search for these resources first.Fourthly, now you need to compose your essay and it is essential that you look up various articles on the internet and purchase books on how to write. Research has been done and often times the reader of the article will give advice to you.Lastly, you must make sure that your college term paper is thoroughly researched and knows exactly what it is trying to say. You can make mistakes, but a poorly written term paper will be useless for a professor and therefore you should be as thorough as possible when writing.

How Do Individuals Manage Their Unavoidable Fate By Using...

Essential Question: How do individuals manage their unavoidable fate by using the way in which they reply to it? Why I prepared a visual: ideas of my undertaking is definitely gained from film Stranger Than Fiction which has contained masses of topics consisting of love (romance), human instinct, critic of actual international, all of these dramatic (cinematic) aspects can be associated with our lives within the actual existence that s complete of adversities specially originated from relationship among people. character development Harold Crick: Harold Crick is first delivered to the viewer as a man of order. barely OCD, Harold brushes his teeth a positive amount of strokes a day, ties his tie a sure way, and wears a neatly pressed†¦show more content†¦Harold starts to break unfastened from his original recurring and begins doing things he has continually wanted to (ex. gambling the guitar). Harold’s values shift, adding extra compassion and love, and an extra careless mindset. Harold chose to include his destiny and make the most of every opportunity he had in his gift existence. Ana Pascal: Ana Pascal is delivered at the beginning of the film as a tough, robust headed character. She has no hassle now not conforming by way of fending off to pay her taxes. She has robust beliefs, and will stand by them whatever the cost may be. She runs her bakery herself and works difficult at her task. irrespective of the harsh manner she first treats Harold, her soft side shines thru when she is visible giving out unfastened espresso and a cookie to a homeless guy who frequents her save. because the film progresses, greater of Ana’s unfastened spirit is brought ahead. in the beginning inferred from her tattoo, her fun, and almost carefree mind-set is shown as her and Harold start to get close. even as falling for Harold, her compassion grows and is visible especially from the scene in which she especially bakes Harold cookies. much like Harold, her individual does exchange from the beginning for ending of the film. Her values live similarly (ex. warding off the charge of her tax es), but, she does melt up and come to be much less vital of society. color,

Evolution Of Freedom Through History Essay - 1240 Words

Evolution of Freedom Through History The relationship of the â€Å"historical consciousness† of man and its part in his freedom, is a philosophical ideology discussed by many philosophers. Whether by means of Spirit, Geist, reason, individualism, or other ideas, philosophers have theorized the correlation between history and it unfolding into eventual true freedom. Three such philosophic minds are that of G.W.F. (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich) Hegel, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Although each of the philosopher’s ideas on the role history plays in several ways, they all believe that its end result is significant in the eventual possibility of political freedom: Hegel discusses the methods of history and the Spirit within it, while Emerson believes in a more universal or individualistic mind and Nietzsche being less historical has more unhistorical or in-the-now mentality. Before Hegel’s idea of the Spirit can be understood one must understand the histo ry it is contained in. Hegel puts the methods of writing history into three methods: original, reflective, philosophic. Original history is simply the historian living through an event and documenting what he or she saw in that moment. Reflective history is described by Hegel as, â€Å"history whose presentation goes beyond the present in spirit, and does not refer to the historian’s own time† (6). That is to say that the â€Å"reflective† historian looks back on previous historical events with a present day viewpoint. ReflectiveShow MoreRelatedThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words   |  7 Pagesat taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the United States government has had a history of favoring Christianity. The United States governments favoritism of Christianity is a clear violation of the First Amendment. 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In What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist...

In what ways does Frankenstein complicate the Romanticist conceptions of creativity and individualism? Make reference to Frankenstein and at least one other Romanticist text. Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, complies with all the fundamental principles associated with Romanticism; use of the supernatural and sublime, especially with regards for nature, thus leading to pantheism, compassion and a sense of morality towards humankind, individual freedom and rebellion against contextual societal constraints. Shelley, however, defies the Romantic principle of individual creativity, evident from the constant references to authentic Romantic works such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (which will be referred to†¦show more content†¦(1818). Frankenstein. United States of America: Norton). This passage depicts the sublime landscapes surrounding the valley of Chamounix. Shelley had been there previously and as such, was able to call upon memories for creative inspiration. This type of creativity is also upheld by Wordsworth, ‘For our continued influxes of feeling are modified and directed by our thoughts, which are indeed the representatives of all our past feelings.’ (Wordsworth, W. (1800). Preface to Lyrical Ballads (2nd ed.)). It would appear therefore, that Shelley is keeping Romantic conceptions of creativity quite uncomplicated by adopting a creative process with which people were familiar. However, the above quoted passage contains a lot of negative description with regards to the appearance of the valley. Words like ‘closed in,’ ‘raging’ and ‘dashing’ give rise to an image unlike the usual perceptions when the word ‘nature’ is considered. Interestingly, this idea is also adopted by Coleridge in The Rime, ‘Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs/Upon the slimy sea./About, about, in reel and rout/The death-fires danced at night ;/The water, like a witch s oils,/Burnt green, and blue and white.’ (Coleridge, S. T.

Evaluates The Effectiveness And Usefulness Of The Learning Experience

Question: Discuss about the Evaluates The Effectiveness And Usefulness Of The Learning Experience. Answer: Introduction This reflection report evaluates the effectiveness and usefulness of the learning experience. It explains the usefulness of learning process. It also describes objectively the things that happened in the learning process. It also evaluates what I learn from assignment 1 and 2. Further, it describes the learning process and the ways I will apply my learning in the future. Evaluate the effectiveness and your usefulness of the learning experience I have gained my learning through literature review and research methodology part. This learning was effective for me to develop my research skills. From the literature review, I have observed that artificial intelligence is the advancement of technology on which the business future is oriented. It is evaluated that artificial intelligence has changed the lifestyle of people in all around the world(Britten, 2013). It has highly influenced the daily activities of life. This learning experience is useful for me to use the artificial intelligence in an organization. I have also pointed that artificial intelligence technology helps the companies by using an image, voice recognition and use of natural language processing. It also aids them to assess the consumer via voice and face recognition methods(Brooks, 2013). As a result, this learning experience is effective and useful for me to apply artificial intelligence technology in an effective manner. This experience is also valuable for me to enhance my career. Explain how this learning process will be useful to you This course would be useful for me to create the awareness about the artificial intelligence. In this way, I have learned that artificial intelligence deals with distinct challenges of insurance companies, which are associated with the privacy of data related to consumers. I will apply this new knowledge and insights in the future to get growth in the organization. This learning process will be also useful for me to improve my comprehension about the benefit of artificial intelligence. In this way, it is assessed that artificial intelligence is used to decline the amount of money spent by an individual in the process of availing these insurance(Chiu, and Ng, 2009). I have also observed that artificial intelligence aids to get loans for home, which is built in the prone area of the disaster. I will apply this learning process to promote the artificial intelligence among people. As a result, it has built my technical skills. Describe objectively what happened in the learning process In the learning process, I have gained my knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence in the insurance firm. For this, I read about the research concern through different sources like books, journal articles, and online and offline publication. I see that artificial intelligence aids to solve the problem associated with people identification while they are demanding their insurance. This learning experience is useful for me to imply the artificial intelligence in the future. I have also gained my comprehension with regards to the role of artificial intelligence in the future. In this way, it is evaluated that the AI supports to keep the data in an effective and efficient manner(Hewitt, 2009). Since, the machines get smarter outcome hence there are fewer possibilities to make a breach of security. This course was also beneficial for me to enhance my career by gaining my learning. In such case, it is identified that artificial intelligence also generates the new sort of tasks, which are associated with technical fields and also decline the efforts of an individual in performing their jobs (Petroni, 2012). As a result, I can apply my learning experience in an organization in terms of using artificial intelligence technology. It is explained that there is no emotional understanding with regards to current phenomenon about AI devices(Mugenda, 2009). As a result, people cannot act according to the current situation. However, I have observed that future machines could understand the social values as it is in the procedure. Evaluate what you learn The business research was used for the research learning procedure as it has built my skills and knowledge regarding the artificial intelligence in the insurance firm. I have also observed that artificial intelligence facilitates the flexibility to the whole procedure hence the benefits of insurance could be done as per the algorithm. But, at the same time, I have pointed that there are certain disadvantages of using artificial intelligence. In this way, it is evaluated that artificial technology required a huge amount of investment in their maintenance and installation (Hennink, Hutterand Bailey, 2010). I have gained my understanding of the research objective. In this way, I have learned that research objective is essential to complete the research in an effective and efficient manner. I have also developed my comprehension with regards to the research question. In such way, I have learned that research question is responded through literature review. Explain your learning process From the assignment 1, I gained my new insights about literature review with regards to the effect of AI on the insurance industry. It is useful for me to use artificial intelligence technology in the future. I did different activities in assignment 2 such as research methodology, data analysis, and plan for interpreting the research outcome. I have learned that both qualitative and quantitative research design is used to collect the data. As a result, it has developed my research skills in an effective and efficient manner. I have developed my understanding of the sample place. In this way, I have learned that Chevalier insurance company in Hong Kong would be selected as a sample to gather the opinion about the research concern. As a result, it would be beneficial for me to enhance my career in long-term. From the assignment 1, I feel that there is a gap in the literature review. In this way, it is identified that there is a gap in technology such as relationship handling is long in this decades and also changes in the lifestyle of human (Herschel and Jones, 2005). There is inadequate information in the literature review. For instance, literature review identifies that artificial technology decline the possibility of connection of face to face but it is not possible in real life (Hwangand Greenford, 2005).Since, people can get more data about their friends and more friends without seeing each other through facebook. I have also gained my knowledge that data will be collected through different techniques such as interview, observational as it would be beneficial to pool relevant and reliable information regarding research concern. It is also analyzed that the outcome of the research will be comprehended by the different charts and graphs to understand the pool information in a meaningful manner (Hillman, et. al., 2015). Explain Plan how this learning you will apply I will apply my learning in the future for using artificial intelligence technology within an organization. This course is beneficial for me as it has not only gained my understanding of the effect of AI in the insurance firms but also improves my different skills such as research and technical skills. I will also apply my learning to improve the professional career. Although, this course has developed my understanding of the effect of artificial intelligence in the future yet, there is some gap in a research study. In this way, I would suggest that literature review should contain depth information regarding artificial intelligence as it would be beneficial to eliminate the gap from research. Conclusion It could be concluded that this research was effective for me to enhance my knowledge about the effect of artificial intelligence in the insurance industry. This course has also developed my different skills such as technical and research skills. References Britten N. (2013) Qualitative interviews in healthcare. In Pope C, Mays N (eds) Qualitative research in health care. 2nded. pp 1119. London: BMJ Books, 2013. Brooks, R.A., (2013). Intelligence without representation.Artificial intelligence, 47(1-3), pp.139-159. Chiu, W.C., and Ng, C.W., (2009). Women?friendly HRM and organizational commitment: A study among women and men of organizations in Hong Kong. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), pp.485-502. Hennink, M., Hutter, I., and Bailey, A., (2010).Qualitative research methods.Sage. Herschel, R.T. and Jones, N.E., (2005). Knowledgemanagement and business intelligence: the importance of integration. Journal of knowledge management, 9(4), pp.45-55. Hewitt, C., (2009). Open information systems semantics for distributed artificial intelligence.Artificial intelligence, 47(1-3), pp.79-106. Hillman, K.I.W.D., Walker, D.I., Larkum, A.W.D. and McComb, A.J., (2015). Productivity and nutrient limitation.Elsevier Science Pub. Hwang, T. and Greenford, B., (2005).A Cross?Section Analysis of the Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.RiskManagement and Insurance Review, 8(1), pp.103-125. Mugenda, O.M., (2009). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. African Centre for Technology Studies. Petroni, K.R., (2012). Optimistic reporting in the property-casualty insurance industry.Journal of Accounting and Economics, 15(4), pp.485-508.

Biography of Bill Gates, Co-Founder of Microsoft

Biography of Bill Gates, Co-Founder of Microsoft Bill Gates (born Oct. 28, 1955) is the principal co-founder of Microsoft Corp., the world’s largest personal-computer software company and one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. Since he stepped down as chairman of Microsoft Corp., he has focused on and contributed billions of dollars to several charities, especially the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, the worlds largest private charitable foundation. Fast Facts: Bill Gates Known For: Co-founder of MicrosoftAlso Known As: William Henry Gates IIIBorn: Oct. 28, 1955  in Seattle,  WashingtonParents: William H. Gates Sr., Mary MaxwellPublished Software: MS-DOSSpouse: Melinda French GatesChildren: Jennifer, Rory, PhoebeNotable Quote: I think its fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool weve ever created. Theyre tools of communication, theyre tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their user. Early Life Bill Gates (full name: William Henry Gates III) was born on Oct. 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, the son of William H. Gates Sr., an attorney, and Mary Maxwell, a businesswoman and bank executive who served  on the University of Washington Board of Regents from 1975 to 1993. He has two sisters. Gates wrote his first  software  program at 13 and in high school  was part of a group, which also included childhood friend Paul Allen, that computerized their school’s payroll system and developed Traf-O-Data, a traffic-counting system that they sold to local governments. Gates and Allen wanted to start their own company immediately, but Gates parents wanted him to finish high school and go on to college, hoping he eventually would become a lawyer. In 1975 Gates, then a sophomore at  Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, joined Allen, who was working as a programmer for Honeywell near Boston, to write software for the first  microcomputers, later called PCs. They started by adapting  BASIC, a popular programming language for large computers. Starting Microsoft With the success of this project, Gates left Harvard during his junior year and, with Allen, moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, planning to develop software for the newly emerging personal computer market. In 1975 they started what Allen named Micro-Soft by combining micro from microcomputers and soft from software. The hyphen later was dropped. In 1979, they moved the company to Bellevue, Washington, just east of Seattle. Microsoft became famous for its computer operating systems and killer business deals. In 1980, Gates and Allen licensed an  operating system  called  MS-DOS  to IBM, at the time the worlds largest computer maker, for its first microcomputer, the  IBM PC. They were smart enough to retain the right to license the operating system to other companies, which eventually made them a fortune. Finding Success By 1983, the year Allen left the company for health reasons, Microsofts reach had become global with offices in Great Britain and Japan and 30% of the worlds computers running on its software. A few years earlier, Gates had developed a partnership with Apple to work on some shared projects. Gates soon realized that Apples graphics interface, which displayed text and images on the screen and was driven by a mouse, appealed to the average user more than Microsofts text-and-keyboard-driven MS-DOS system. He launched an ad campaign claiming that Microsoft was developing an operating system that would use a graphic interface similar to Apples products. Called Windows, it would be compatible with all MS-DOS system software. The announcement was a bluff- Microsoft had no such program under development- but it was sheer genius as a marketing tactic: It would encourage people using MS-DOS to wait for new Windows software releases instead of changing to another system, such as Apples Macintosh. In November 1985, nearly two years after his announcement, Gates and Microsoft launched Windows.  Then, in 1989, Microsoft launched Microsoft Office, which bundled office applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel into one system. Perils of Success All the while, Gates was defending Microsoft against lawsuits and Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice investigations of claims charging unfair dealings with computer manufacturers. Yet the innovation continued. Windows 95 was launched in 1995 and in 2001 Microsoft debuted the original Xbox gaming system. Microsoft appeared untouchable. In 2000, Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO and was succeeded by Harvard friend and longtime Microsoft executive Steve Ballmer. Gates assumed the new role of chief software architect. In 2008 Gates left his daily job at Microsoft but retained his position as board chairman until 2014, when he stepped down as chairman but retained a board seat and began serving as technology adviser. Marriage and Family On Jan. 1, 1994, Gates married Melinda French, who has an MBA and a bachelors degree in computer science and met him while she was working at Microsoft. They have three children- Jennifer, Rory, and Phoebe- and live in Xanadu 2.0,  a  66,000-square-foot mansion overlooking Lake Washington  in  Medina, Washington. Philanthropy Gates and his wife founded the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation with the mission of improving the quality of life for people around the world, primarily in the areas of global health and learning. Their initiatives have ranged from funding tuition for 20,000 college students to installing 47,000 computers in 11,000 libraries in all 50 states. In 2005, Bill and Melinda Gates and rock star Bono were named Time magazine persons of the year for their charitable work. According to the foundations website, in 2019, the foundation had made nearly $65 million in grants by mid-April to recipients around the world. The foundation is led by CEO Sue Desmond-Hellmann and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Legacy Back when Bill Gates and Paul Allen announced their  intention to put a computer in every home and on every desktop, most people scoffed. Until then, only the government and large corporations could afford computers. But within only a few decades, Gates and Microsoft had indeed brought computer power to the people. Gates also has had an impact on millions of people throughout the world with his charitable efforts, especially with the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, and he has made large personal donations to a number of educational institutions. Sources About Bill. Gatesnotes.com.Bill Gates: American Computer Programmer, Businessman, and Philanthropist. Encyclopedia Britannica.Bill Gates Biography: Entrepreneur, Philanthropist. Biography.com.Awarded Grants. Gatesfoundation.org.

Electrophoresis Definition and Explanation

Electrophoresis Definition and Explanation Electrophoresis is the term used to describe the motion of particles in a gel or fluid within a relatively uniform electric field. Electrophoresis may be used to separate molecules based on charge,  size, and binding affinity. The technique  is mainly applied to separate and analyze biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, nucleic acids, plasmids, and  fragments of these macromolecules. Electrophoresis is one of the techniques used to identify source DNA, as in paternity testing and forensic science. Electrophoresis of anions or negatively charged particles is called anaphoresis. Electrophoresis of cations or positively charged particles is called cataphoresis. Electrophoresis was first observed in 1807 by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss of Moscow State University, who noticed clay particles migrated in water subjected to a continuous electric field. Key Takeaways: Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules in a gel or fluid using an electric field.The rate and direction of particle movement in the electric field depends on the molecules size and electric charge.Usually electrophoresis is used to separate macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. How Electrophoresis Works In electrophoresis, there are two primary factors that control how quickly a particle can move and in what direction. First, the charge on the sample matters. Negatively charged species are attracted to the positive pole of an electric field, while positively charged species are attracted to the negative end. A neutral species may be ionized if the field is strong enough. Otherwise, it doesnt tend to be affected. The other factor is particle size. Small ions and molecules can move through a gel or liquid much more quickly than larger ones. While a charged particle is attracted to an opposite charge in an electric field, there are other forces that affect how a molecule moves. Friction and the electrostatic retardation force slow the progress of particles through the fluid or gel. In the case of gel electrophoresis, the concentration of the gel can be controlled to determine the pore size of the gel matrix, which influences mobility. A liquid buffer is also present, which controls the pH of the environment. As molecules are pulled through a liquid or gel, the medium heats up. This can denature the molecules as well as affect the rate of movement. The voltage is controlled to try to minimize the time required to separate molecules, while maintaining a good separation and keeping the chemical species intact. Sometimes electrophoresis is performed in a refrigerator to help compensate for the heat. Types of Electrophoresis Electrophoresis encompasses several related analytical techniques. Examples include: affinity electrophoresis - Affinity electrophoresis is a type of electrophoresis in which particles are separated based on complex formation or biospecific interactioncapillary electrophoresis - Capillary electrophoresis is a  type of electrophoresis used to separate ions depending mainly on the atomic radius, charge, and viscosity. As the name suggests, this technique is commonly performed in a glass tube. It yields quick results and a high resolution separation.gel electrophoresis - Gel electrophoresis is a  widely used type of electrophoresis in which molecules are separated by movement through a porous gel under the influence of an electrical field. The two main gel materials are agarose and polyacrylamide. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), nucleic acid fragments, and proteins.immunoelectrophoresis - Immunoelectrophoresis is the general name given to a variety of electrophoretic techniques used to characterize and separate proteins based on their reaction to antibodies. electroblotting - Electroblotting is a technique used to recover nucleic acids or proteins following electrophoresis by transferring them onto a membrane. The polymers polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or nitrocellulose are commonly used. Once the specimen has been recovered, it can be further analyzed using stains or probes. A western blot is one form of electroblotting used to detect specific proteins using artificial antibodies.pulsed-field gel electrophoresis - Pulsed-field electrophoresis is used to separate macromolecules, such as DNA, by periodically changing the direction of the electric field applied to a gel matrix. The reason the electric field is changed is because traditional gel electrophoresis is unable to efficiently separate very large molecules that all tend to migrate together. Changing the direction of the electric field gives the molecules additional directions to travel, so they have a path through the gel. The voltage is generally switched between three directions : one running along the axis of the gel and two at 60 degrees to either side. Although the process takes longer than traditional gel electrophoresis, its better at separating large pieces of DNA. isoelectric focusing - Isoelectric focusing (IEF or electrofocusing) is a form of electrophoresis that separates molecules based on different isoelectric points. IEF is most often performed on proteins because their electrical charge depends on pH.

Feasibility study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Feasibility study - Essay Example We have huge opportunities to capture the market as no such proper wedding planners exist in the country which gives all matrimonial services under one roof. And that's makes us different from others. We prefer to choose the ownership as partnership instead of any company. There are many reasons for it. As initially the investment we require is not huge as it would be a service based company instead of manufacturers. So initially, huge capital is not required to start up the business. As mentioned earlier, we are not in need of huge capital to start up this business as it is a service based industry. Instead of having land, the company can lease or rent the building at any posh area of Lahore. The labor or manpower we need for this business is relatively cheap. The Human resource is skilled and has a strong traditional background. All we need is a good team to start with which is not only talented and capable but has a strong passion of their work. So the main focus should be on hiring the good team and establishing an office at a good area with little publicity. The capital can be bringing into business through two options. One from personal savings and secondly to have a loan from any reputed bank in the company. Our project will start in Lahore, Pakistan. ... One from personal savings and secondly to have a loan from any reputed bank in the company. 2. PROJECT ENVIORMENT: 2.1 EXPECTED BENEFITS FROM THE BUSINESS: Our project will start in Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore is thickly populated city, and a capital of province Punjab. The rate of pollution is high but it has nothing to do with our business as we are not specializing in manufacturing concern. We are a service based industry. The GDP of the country is not very high but overall communities are rich and wealthy. The expected benefits we can achieve from the business are unbelievable. Pakistan is the country where people spend million every year on weddings. It is cultural and tradition of people to celebrate weddings with so much enthusiasm. But unfortunately there is no proper wedding planners who provide such kind of services in one package under one roof. In this fast moving life, people wants to spend more and have wedding planners who will fix up everything for them. Our company can not only earn high yields, but can create monopoly in the industry. And this can bring high rewards for the company. 2.2 COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT: The environment is not that much competitive as we think of. There are few competitors in the industry but they don't provide the whole range of service. There is as such no major competitor and the company can excel well. 2.3 POLITICAL ENVIORMENT: The political environment to start up this business is very well. The country is stable and has as such no major issues to be resolved. The country is developing rapidly and over all political environments is favorable. 2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIORMENT: The over all environments towards technology are favorable. The Country adopts every new technology

Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Science - Essay Example The pollution of the environment is caused by residential, commercial, and industrial wastes. These include Carbon dioxide (COÂ ­2)), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen, and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) (ENERGY.GOV, 2014). The release of such compounds into the environment leads to environmental degradation. Therefore, it is prudent for human beings to take necessary steps in preventing any further damage to the environment and mitigate on the damages that have already occurred. This responsibility is a concern of the international community, respective governments, and every individual. The individuals can work hard to care for the environment by participating in environmental conservation measures. It is important for individuals to take care of the environment because it is where they live. Polluted air means that there would be an increase in respiratory diseases. Furthermore, polluted soil, full of chemicals and fertilizers, will result into crops with high levels of toxic su bstances and pollute the water bodies when these fertilizers are washed into streams and rivers. This paper explores three goals and action plans, which an individual can use to become more aware of environmental issues and human impact on the environment. The production of electricity often involves a lot of emission of gasses, which cause considerable damage to the environment. Therefore, an individual should bear this in mind when operating electrical appliances. This can involve a slight change in their habits or using more energy efficient appliances. For example, change of habits include: Using cold water to wash laundry and hanging them out to dry instead of using the dryer. This habit will ensure that when doing laundry, less electric energy is consumed, and the one utilizes the abundant natural energy of the sun to dry the clothes Installing energy efficient bulbs, which save more energy and are longer lasting as compared to incandescent light

The Meaning of Lives Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Lives Essay In her article The Meaning of Lives, Susan Wolf, a moral philosopher and philosopher of action, investigates whether meaning can exist in lives without postulating the existance of God. Wolf establishes her position on this philosophical question from an agnostic perspective and rationally argues that such a question can in fact â€Å"fit within a negative or agnostic view about the meaning of life† (Wolf 63). With this paper, I will first summarize the prominent points of Wolf’s article then highlight and expound upon areas of her argument that contradict her line of reason. Lastly, I will introduce the theistic perspective on meaningful lives along with presenting Wolf’s reason and argument as supporting evidence for the theistic view. In the Meaning of Lives, Susan Wolf opens briefly with an evaluation of the philosophically ambiguous question, â€Å"What is the meaning of life? † She argues this particular question is impossible to rationalize because it dependents upon a postulation for the existence of God. Wolf claims it is necessary to postulate the existence of God in order to argue this original question because if God does exist, then He â€Å"may have created us for a reason, with a plan in mind†(Wolf 63). Thus, if God exists then there would be purpose and meaning to human existence dependent upon the creator God. Wolf does not deny the existence of God; she simply suggests that a divine existence is improvable. Therefore the question of a grand purpose and meaning in life is an unnecessary and an improvable argument to find an answer to, due to the improvable nature of God. However, she does believe that meaning in lives is not contingent upon the existence of God stating, â€Å"Meaningfulness is an intelligible feature to be sought in life† and that â€Å"a positive view about the possibility of meaning in lives can fit with a negative or agnostic view about the meaning of life†(Wolf 63). She expounds on this argument in three distinct sections. The first part of Wolf’s argument observes three different examples of meaningless lifestyle. Wolf articulates that learning from three paradigms of meaningless lives, one can construct an understanding for meaningfulness. She begins with a lifestyle she labeled the Blob. The Blob is defined by a lifestyle that â€Å"is lived in hazy passivity†¦ unconnected to anyone or anything, going nowhere, achieving nothing† (Wolf 64). Wolf deduces from the Blobs meaningless lifestyle, that in order to attain a meaningful life one must be engaged in a project, which can include relationships. The second meaningless lifestyle, in contrast to the Blob’s lifestyle of passivity, is regarded as the Useless life; â€Å"a life whose dominant activities seem pointless, useless or empty† (Wolf 65). After reviewing the lifestyle of the Useless life, a life void of worth, to achieve meaning â€Å"one must be engaged in a project or projects that have some positive value† (Wolf 65). The final category of a meaningless life would be the lifestyle of the Bankrupt, â€Å"someone who is engaged or even dedicated, to a project that is ultimately revealed as bankrupt, not because the person’s values are shallow or misguided, but because the project fails†(Wolf 65). Ultimately, Wolf concludes that in order to achieve meaningfulness one must not only be engaged in a project of positive value but that project must be in some way successful. After providing a working definition for a meaningful life, Wolf raises the question as to what constitutes â€Å"positive value† and who has the right to objectively determine value. Similarly to Wolf’s construction of meaningfulness, she argues reasons for why an individual is incapable of objectively determining positive value. This incapability for determining objective value is due to the individual’s subjectivity and â€Å"interest in living a life that feels or seems meaningful†(Wolf 66). Therefore, because an individual is incapable of distinguishing objective positive value from interest, it is unlikely that the individual can distinguish what is required for a meaningful life. She argues that objective value is determined and achieved through observing value in other people’s lives. Wolf clarifies that the objective good she is referring to is not compared to moral goodness, â€Å"benefiting or honoring humanity† (Wolf 67). Wolf claims that meaningfulness is not contingent upon moral value. Instead, Wolf suggests that while there are examples of lives exhibiting great moral value, such as Mother Teresa and Gandhi, that are full of meaning; there are also examples of other lives, such as â€Å"artists, scholars, musicians and athletes†, that possess great meaning, not based upon their moral value. These lives are considered valuable and meaningful due to their ability to â€Å"develop our skills and our understanding of the world† which â€Å"give meaning to our lives- but they do not give moral value to them †(Wolf 67). A greater understanding of our own worth and the Universe is what Wolf constitutes for lives to have meaning. The final stage in Wolf’s argument poses the question â€Å"what is the good, after all, of living a meaningful life†(Wolf 67)? Wolf does not wish to define goodness, but rather discusses the advantages for living a life full of meaning. Wolf makes the final stand, that in order to grasp meaningfulness and understand how one can achieve it in their life; an individual must become enlightened to their status in the world as â€Å"a tiny speck in a vast universe† (Wolf 69). This description of where an individual lies in relation to the vastness of the Universe, provides the reality that meaning in lives cannot logically be contingent upon the desires and benefits for the individual, due to humanities insignificance. It seems illogical to Wolf, that a person who seeks to find meaning in their life could conclude that is dependent upon their independent happiness claiming, â€Å"to devote oneself wholly to one’s own satisfaction seems to me to fly in the face of truth, to act as if one is the only thing that matters, or perhaps, more, that one’s own psychology is the only source of (determining) what matters† (Wolf 70). The truth, to which Wolf refers, is the reality that individuals have very little significance in relation to the value of the vast Universe. It is because of this truth that a self-center and egocentric life goes against of logic after such a truth is realized. Wolf argues that instead of egocentric priorities to achieve meaning, an individual should alternatively be focused on the needs of the Universe and others. She understands that â€Å"you are just one person among others, equally real- is the source of practical reason-in this case, it gives you reason to take the pains of others to constitute reasons for action†¦reason to care about the pain of others that is grounded, not in our own psychologies, but a fact about the world†(Wolf 70). In this section, I will address three areas of Wolf’s reasoning I find to be inconsistent with her argument as a whole. A concern that I have regarding Wolf’s argument is her use of the word â€Å"meaning†, in regards to the meaning of lives. A very different connotation of the word â€Å"meaning† suggested by the philosophical question, â€Å"What is the meaning of life? † Wolf states that the question, â€Å"What is the meaning of life? † requires an individual to postulate the existence of God because it implies their ultimate aim â€Å"to find a purpose or a point to human existence†(Wolf 63). However, Wolf also argues, â€Å"whether or not God exists, the fact remains that some objects, activities and ideas are better than others. Whether or not God exists some ways of living are more worthwhile than others†(Wolf 72). At the beginning of Wolf’s argument about the meaning of lives, suggests that she neither denies nor rejects the existence of God. She argues this as true because she believes the question behind the meaning in lives can be answered as â€Å"an intelligible feature to be sought in life and that it is at least sometimes attainable but not everywhere assured†(Wolf 63). Wolf reduces the meaning of lives to that which can be determined by human reasoning a finite measurement of this transitory world. Thus Wolf, who has neither denied nor rejected the existence of God has unreasonably eliminated the question of origin of lives, as irrelevant to meaning in lives. She focuses how certain types of lives merit significance in existence and consequently refers to the word â€Å"meaning† as synonymous with value. Finally, Wolf argues that there is value in human lives that â€Å"can fit with a negative or agnostic view about the meaning of life†(Wolf 66). This statement is far less controversial than her attempts to argue that meaning in lives is achievable without the postulation of God. Logically, to explore meaning in lives, one must consider the beginning of life, which must have been constructed either by accident or by a creator. Meaning cannot be cited as more or less significant at a particular point in an individual’s life. Thus, the point that one comes into existence must be regarded for defining meaning within an individual’s life. The second problem in Wolf’s argument comes in her evaluation of what is considered a project of positive value. An individual who is engaged in a project of positive value is central to Wolf’s definition of a meaningful life. Although, projects of positive value can add to meaning in an individual’s life, Wolf’s reasoning as to â€Å"who is to decide which projects have positive value† is vague and inconsistent with her earlier positions (Wolf 66). Wolf concludes that individuals are incapable of objectively deciding what has positive value, due to subjective interests, which skew their understanding of objective value. Wolf deduces that in order for an individual to understand projects of positive value, which will eventually adds meaning to heir lives, they must experience an â€Å"epiphany†¦ to the recognition that our life to date has been meaningless† (Wolf 66). This comment is completely inconsistent with Wolf’s fundamental goal to acquire an understanding of meaning in lives from an intelligible process of reason. The understanding for projects of positive value through an epiphany is inconsistent with her pervious arguments because it depends she suggests that understanding meaning comes from an unintelligible source of knowledge. Who is to say that that epiphany is not guided by a supreme higher being? The irony of Wolf’s conclusion about the necessary epiphany, is that her statement â€Å"It is the sort of experience that one might describe in terms of scales falling from ones eyes†, compares closely to the allusion found in Acts 9:18 (Wolf 66). The verse reads â€Å"And immediately something like scales fell from his eyes, and he regained his sight. Then he rose and was baptized† (NIV 1000). The language of scales falling from the eyes in order to gain true understanding is regarded in both versions as an act depended upon a supernatural entity enabling the change. This very interesting comment by Wolf, suggests that understanding how an individual recognizes truth through epiphany is beyond the capabilities of human control and intellect. Her attempted arguments about how a meaningful life is realized are sound up until the point about epiphany. Lastly, Wolf’s argument for meaning in lives lacks any discussion of immortality as a necessary property for meaning. Wolf reasons that there are certain lifestyles that are more meaningful than others. This argument for certain lifestyle having greater meaning has limited relevance because as she rationalizes, lives are finite and temporary as are the lives of others whom we must focus in our acknowledgement of the truth that we are just a â€Å"speck in the vast Universe†(Wolf 69). Wolf does a fine job at articulating the insignificance and temporary state of human life. However, she fails to recognize that in her attempts to construct a logical framework for meaning in finite lives she disregards the possibility for immortality to give further meaning to lives. Thus, she reduces the idea of meaning as an avoidance of an egocentric lifestyle and recognizes insignificance and meaning within an individuals’ life alone. Wolf’s claim that meaning is attainable through certain actions only satisfies temporary lives for a finite amount of time. This argument surrounding meaning as dependent upon an inward realization of insignificance manifesting into outward actions, is simply a cycle of meaningless people helping other meaningless people, and causes only a temporary impact. In an argument for the importance of immortality to meaning in lives, Gianluca Di Muzio states, â€Å"If a human being dies and her actions have no lasting effect, because the world itself perished, then her life was meaningless. If, in the end, all comes to nothing, then it does not matter in the first place whether a particular person existed or not† (Di Muzio 2). In order for actions and lives to be meaningful, they must have a lasting impact or something to gain, and provide for others in a way that is not reducible to the finite and temporary world. Thus, achievable immortality must exist for meaning to be possible. Although she attempts to determine the meaning in lives for an agnostic world, I would argue that Wolf’s argument actually supports many theistic views regarding the meaning of lives. Though many of Wolf’s arguments do not adequately provide understanding for meaning in lives from an agnostic perspective, many of her points parallel to the theistic view of â€Å"purpose theory. † Before I expound on these similarities, an understanding of the theistic view regarding the meaning of must be addressed. According to Borchert, the theistic view argues that, â€Å"life is meaningful insofar as one fulfills a purpose that God has assigned† (Borchert 295). In â€Å"Confession†, Leo Tolstoy discusses meaning in life from the theistic perspective and claims â€Å"now I see clearly that my faith-my only real faith-that which apart from my animal instincts gave impulse to my life- was a belief in perfecting myself† (Klemke 2). Tolstoy sought such perfection in artistic achievements and loving his family. In trying to find meaning in family and people, Tolstoy ultimately realizes that â€Å"My family — wife and children — are also human. They are placed just as I am: they must either live in a lie or see the terrible truth† (Klemke 10). In other words, Tolstoy realizes that if meaning resides in the finite and temporary nature of humanity, meaning too will die along with the life. Tolstoy further suggests that meaning cannot reside within artistic modes when he writes Art, poetry? Under the influence of success and the praise of men, I had long assured myself that this was a thing one could do though death was drawing near — death which destroys all things, including my work and its remembrance; but soon I saw that that too was a fraud† (Klemke 10). This declaration further supports Tolstoy’s theistic belief that everything of and in this world cannot be the ultimate source of meaning in lives. Although, the substance of this world may increase value within life, it cannot supply ultimate, enduring meaning. Tolstoy finally declares, â€Å"To know God and to live is one and the same thing. God is life- Live seeking God, and then you will not live without God† (Klemke 11). This passage concludes with his theistic assertion that without a â€Å"divine plan for the world, then all efforts come to nothing, because everything comes to nothing. Hence our lives are meaningless without God† (Metz 293). Though Wolf attempts to support an agnostic view for the question, â€Å"is there meaning in lives? † her central points mirror those of the theistic view and supports many of its claims. This final section will concentrate on central points within Wolf’s argument that support a theistic view for understanding meaning in lives. To begin, she claims that a life has meaning insofar as it is â€Å"engaged in a project or projects that have some positive value† (Wolf 65). Although this statements seems logical, Wolf fails to provide an intelligible source for acquiring knowledge about whether or not a project has positive value and which projects do not. She betrays the agnostic attempt to provide an understanding of meaning in lives through reason, by suggesting that realization of projects with positive value relies upon an epiphany. The concept of an epiphany for realization is inconsistent with her attempts to rationalize. However, when Wolf’s definition is placed against the theistic view, it is logically consistent with theological beliefs. Theists believe that an individual must be actively engaged in positively affecting peoples lives with in the world, while ultimately contributing to God’s divine plan in order for their lives to have meaning. This concept is articulated beautifully in Gianluca Di Muzio’s argument: Theism and the Meaning of Life, in which he states, â€Å"In order to have meaning, our lives must make a difference to a higher scheme. And theism sees human action as doing a sort of double duty. On one hand, they affect other people and events in this world, on the other, they further or hinder God’s ultimate plan† (Di Muzio 2). This statement suggests that humanities actions in projects have the ability to have two different forms of significance, both relative and ultimate. Relative significance refers to the theistic perspective that, â€Å"actions and events have relative significance when they only influence other actions and events†(Di Muzio 3). Ultimate significance is when our actions and events â€Å"contribute to God’s plan† (Di Muzio 3). Both of these forms contribute to theistic view, however Wolf’s argument focuses solely on relative significance. The theistic understanding of relative significance is paralleled to Wolf’s understanding of meaning in lives. She believes that when individuals realize their insignificance and begin to seek beyond themselves for meaning by actively engaging in projects of positive value, they can acquire meaning. Though this insignificance is transient, it supports the theistic belief that, â€Å"human beings have access to value† without having to postulate the existence of God, because â€Å"existence affords the opportunity to attain the kinds of goods that make a human life worthwhile and fulfilling† (Di Muzio 5-6). Wolf’s profound point that human life is just a â€Å"speck in a vast universe† lays the foundation for the theistic belief in ultimate significance (Wolf 71). Theists believe that there is A fundamental disproportion between aspirations and reality is a powerful source of the idea that our lives are absurd and meaningless. We think we matter, and yet we don’t. The world is not intoned with our hope, desires and projects. The possibility of out destruction looms everywhere; and human suffering, however enormous, seems to be nothing but a passing accident, a byproduct of the presence of sentient creatures in a world that merely tolerates them for a short time. (Di Muzio 9) This understanding of human insignificance plays a vital role in the theistic belief that despite human fragility, purpose and significance are achievable within the most tragic circumstances. Wolf’s recognition of our insignificance implies our need to look beyond our own lives for meaning. If a life of meaning depends upon recognizing the truth about our insignificance and continuing to be â€Å"actively engaged in a project of positive value†, and one cannot perform these projects due to tragic circumstances, then within Wolf’s reasoning their life can not have meaning. Wolf’s understanding of meaning depends upon individual human performance. In trying times of suffering, whether great or small, this concept of looking outside of ones own circumstances is hard to accomplish and in some circumstances impossible, thus in such cases meaning cannot be unachieved. The theistic view of ultimate significance provides a hope that a life of suffering can have meaning and purpose too in that, â€Å"the idea of God and hope for immortality can help us look again at the world and our fragile lives as meaningful†(Di Muzio 9). The project of participating in God’s divine plan is the only project that has lasting and unwavering value for meaning in lives. Wolf’s central argument concerning meaning in lives provides many logically convincing and sound points. However, Wolf’s definition of a life of meaning is both disconnected from her original argument and lacks a consistent, authoritative source and process for achieving meaning. She attempts to suggest that meaning is an â€Å"intelligible feature to be sought in life†, then provides the solution for achieving this insight of through the unintelligible source of epiphany. Secondly, Wolf’s argument for the realization of insignificance as the truth, unlocks the need for an individual to look beyond serving his or her own self-centered desires for meaning. However, though her point about insignificance seems valid, Wolf fails to provide examples or an understanding of how an individual can objectively determine how to look outside of themselves. In total, Wolf produces an understanding of meaning that depends upon an individuals abilities to undergo an epiphany and properly manifest their understanding of the need to look outside one’s self and recognize Universal needs. The problem with this stance is that focusing on the Universe provides no lasting impact, or meaning to a particular life because the things of this Universe are finite and temporary. The individual’s life will eventually end along with the actions and events they affected. Though existence can provide an opportunity for value, as understood in Wolf’s argument and the theistic view, meaning is dependent upon a infinite being whose performance can not be temporary. An individual must not be reliant on their personal performances and finite experiences to obtain meaning, but rather is actively engaged in an eternal project of positive value, determined by an infinite and constant authority, God. Works Cited Borchert, Donald M. Theism. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2nd ed. 10. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Web. 25 Apr 2012. Di Muzio, Gianluca. Theism and the Meaning of Life life’s meaning? Ars Disputandi . 6. (2006): 1-12. Print. Klemke, E. D. â€Å"The Meaning of Life†. 2nd. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. Metz, Thaddeus. â€Å"Could God’s purpose be the source of life’s meaning? † Cambridge Journals. (2000): 293-311. Print. Wolf, Susan. The Meaning Of Lives. 62-73. Print.

Immigrants Do NOT Increase Crime Rates Essay -- Undocumented Immagrant

The thought of arriving immigrants in any host country has been accompanied by reactions of exclusion, and continues to expand throughout the years. During any social illness, immigrants tend to be the first to be held responsible by their recipient societies. Most crimes are associated with immigrants due to the fact that they may not posses the same socio-economics status as natives. Another contributing factor is the media that conducts numerous stories that highlight the image of immigrant crimes to recall the alleged difference between native and foreign born. Undoubtedly, the correlation between immigration and crime has become one of the most controversial discussions in current society. As we enter a new era, immigrants will have more impact on society than ever before (Feldmeyer, 2009). There can be numerous reasons to believe immigrants are more prone to commit crimes, for example, they have to learn to adapt into the cultural traits and social patterns of the harboring country, as natives do not (Desmond & Kubrin, 2009). However, despite such claims, empirical studies have revealed that immigrants are understated in criminal statistics. Throughout the years many texts and scholarly articles have been published further analyzing and proving that immigrants are less prone to committing crimes than their native peers. Furthermore, researchers examine the reason as to why immigrants are weighed as a whole even though ethnic groups among immigrants have different rates of crime. For example, Hispanic immigrants are far more prone to commit crimes than a Japanese immigrant. This makes it unfair to consider that because a Japanese is an immigrant, they are also more prone to commit crimes. Much like in the past, the publ... ...untries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 52,115-131 http://cos.sagepub.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content/52/1-2/114 Desmond, S. A., & Kubrin, C. E. (2009). THE POWER OF PLACE: Immigrant communities and adolescent violence, The Sociological Quarterly, 50, 581-607 http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/docs/Kubrin/Immig_Communities.pdf Feldmeyer, B. (2009). Immigration and violence: The offsetting effects of immigrant concentration on Latino violence. Social Science Research, 38, 717-731 http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/tmp/9506051508484483171.pdf Nielsen, A. L., & Martinez, R. (2011). Nationality, immigrant groups, and arrest: Examining the diversity of arrestees for urban violent crime. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27, 343-360 http://ccj.sagepub.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content/27/3/342

Woman as Artist, Subject, or Patron in Baroque Art

Many elements must come together for a painting to be considered successful. Perhaps paramount in 17th century Europe were the guidelines set forth for art following the Council of Trent: Clarity, realism and emotional stimulus. Many artists fulfilled these requirements in their own ways: Rubens employed his mastery of drawing, while Caravaggio masked his apparent lack of skill by inventing a new way of painting, tenebrism (Caravaggism). While clarity could be established relatively easily, this doesn't mean images had to be simple.One of the most complex elements of Baroque painting is the use of women as subjects, particularly women of power, be they royal, biblical, or artists themselves. Artemisia Genteleschi's Judith Slaying Holofernes (1620) presents a female painter drawing on her own experiences to depict a heroine defeating a great enemy as only a lady could. Peter Paul Rubens' Medici Cycle (1622-25), specifically The Presentation of Her Portrait to Henry IV, shows the produ ct of a woman patron trying to glorify herself as a queen and justify her political ideals while being presented quite literally as an object to her husband-to-be.Finally, Diego Valazquez's Las Meninas (1656), a royal family portrait focusing on the daughter of Philip the IV and Mariana of Spain, but using the commission as a vehicle to draw attention to the artist and praise his craft. Using these three works, one can conclude that a woman, present as the artist, the patron or a decorative faux-subject, was a very powerful tool in Baroque art. Artemesia Genteleschi's Judith Slaying Holofernes shows the Old Testament story of a Jewish widow and her maidservant beheading the Assyrian commander Holofernes to save the city of Bethulia.The history of the artist is a strong influence on this work, as Artemesia was raped at age 17 by an associate of her father. Mary O'Neill points out in her article â€Å"Artemesia's Moment† that rape in the 17th century was a crime against a famil y's honor rather than the victim herself. This surely doesn't mean there is an absence of the psychological harm that accompanies the crime, and this work is seen as a â€Å"revenge painting†, an outlet for the artist to voice her feelings on a personal subject.Maybe one of the first examples of art therapy, a very powerful and deliberate action is taking place empowering women while keeping their femininity in tact, as mentioned in Mieke Bal's article,†Head Hunting: Judith on the Cutting Edge of Knowledge. † Bal says the three major jobs in women's lives are life-giving, in this case, saving the city and its residents; life taking, the killing of Holofernes; and in between, hard work, the two women with their sleeves rolled up, completing a task. The fact that the artist is female plays a large part in the mood and reception of the painting by both men and women.In this case we can compare it to a male-painted version of the same event. Caravaggio's, Judith Behea ding Holofernes (1599) shows the two women as apprehensive toward their charge and unwilling to make a mess, but the most striking visual difference is the red sash present in the background of both paintings, in Caravaggio's, it remains hanging as it should be in the space, in Artemesia's, it has fallen over the victim (victim? ) suggesting a battle has taken place and the women have triumphed.In Rubens' Medici Cycle, Louis VIII had come of age while his mother acting as regent, ruled France, when he grew tired of her policies, Marie de Medici commissioned the artist to make 26 paintings depicting events in her life to be shown to members of the French court and important visitors, with the intent to glorify herself as a legitimate ruler of France, â€Å"Painted Propaganda†, as David Freedberg puts it in his book Peter Paul Rubens: Oil Paintings and Oil Sketches. She was not meant to be shown as a mere member of the royal family, but as the single ruler of the country in whi ch her son was the rightful ruler.The fourth painting in this series, The Presentation of Her Portrait to Henry IV, shows the lady patron as a portrait, an object, being presented to a man, her husband-to-be. Though a woman as an object is generally seen as degrading, the way in which she is presented by deities and allegorical personifications strengthens the perception of the Medici: Hymenaios and Amor escort the portrait to the King while Jupiter and Juno look on in approval and France stands behind Henry in support of the union. She also engages the viewer, staring directly out of both frames, something the Kings isn't able to accomplish.This series wasn't meant to be viewed differently by men and women, only to glorify the â€Å"Queen Mother of France† to all people of France. The painting was produced at a time when Marie de Medici needed the support of her people, and although her attempt to keep the throne was ultimately unsuccessful, this painting among the series is a strong example of what women could accomplish as patrons to artists. Diego Valazquez's Las Meninas shows the more traditional negative way women can be shown as objects. composition dominated by women, the foreground depicts the Daughter of Philip IV and Mariana of Spain, Infanta Margarita surrounded by maids, dwarves, pets, other people important to the royal family as she goes about seemingly unimportant tasks. To her right, stands the artist, aposentador to the King, staring out at the audience as he paints. The king and queen are alluded to in a mirror on the back wall, present in the viewers space, as their physical presence in a portrait with the artist would be disrespectful. The artist takes advantage of this commission to raise his own status as an artist and member of the court.He does this by pretending Margarita is the subject, Magnificently dressed and centered, but bored and uninterested, only there to showcase the artists skill as a painter along with her servants. The Queen is also taken advantage of, present with her King in the background. Michel Foucault points out the objectivity of the King and Queen in his in-depth interpretation of the work in the first chapter of The Order of Things, â€Å"In the midst of all those attentive faces, all those richly dressed bodies, they are the palest, the most unreal, the most compromised of all the paintings images. only present to enhance the idea of the work the raise the artist and the art higher in the community. Men and women would both view this work similarly, showcasing the artists mastery of spacial representation and perspective, with underlying tones of narcissism as they discover the highly decorated and scholarly painter peeking out from behind the canvas. In these three very different views of women in paintings, as artists, as patrons, and as objects, we see how women were depicted, or used, as subjects in seventeenth-century art.It seems views of women have remained the same in the few hundred years since these works were completed, they can be seen as powerful, inspirational and strong, but also passive, boring, or as mere filler. The differences in composition, mood, and ideas were fun to discover as you move from a woman painter depicting a biblical event while drawing from her own experiences to a man attempting to keep a woman in the lifestyle to which she's become accustomed and not be executed himself.

Crucible Essay Example - 888 Words

Justice and The Crucible While justice is meant to be directed with upmost fairness and equality, Arthur Miller’s film The Crucible demonstrates that this does not always succeed, and in many situations the forces of injustices are exposed. From different points of views, justice can be formed or destroyed. In the film The Crucible, Arthur Miller convinces his audience that reason, emotion, and character shows injustice throughout the social hardship in a Puritan community. Justice is one of the main themes that is shown throughout The Crucible. Justice is meant to be administrated with upmost fairness and equality. It is also supposed to be based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, or equity. In The Crucible, it†¦show more content†¦Abigail Williams is one of the characters who uses reasoning to get people put in jail or put to death. The court uses inaccurate reasoning to kill people and to get people sent to jail. The court also wants to see the reactions of the people. They make a big deal of killing witches to make the people of the town feel more safe and to help the people trust the court. In the end, it is just the opposite effect. Emotion is how anyone reacts to a certain event or to what someone has to say. In The Crucible, Miller shows emotion by the way he uses certain characters to over exaggerate things to get the audience’s attention in the court. By using emotion, he shows that through different points of view, justice can be served or destroyed. In the film, Miller uses Abigail Williams to show how using emotion can make someone get what they want. Abigail over exaggerates things to get the audience and the judges to have a larger reaction than normal. In the court, she and her fellow sisters do things to get the audience’s attention. She acts like she sees things and acts like people are torturing her to get them killed or put into jail. To the court, they feel bad for Abigail which makes them believe that justice will be served once they put the convicted â€Å"witches† in jail to be put to death. If you looked from the convicted witches’ point of view, then justice would not have been served. CharacterShow MoreRelatedEssay about Examples of Crucibles in Aurthur Millers The Crucible677 Words   |  3 PagesA Crucible is a container that can withstand great amount of heat, such as one required for refining gold. It can also mean a severe trial. In the play â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, severe trails occur throughout the play, not just in the courtroom but also in people’s homes and souls. I believe Arthur Miller named his play â€Å"The Crucible† because it shows the trials and hardships people face within themselves, the courtroom and Puritan society. An example of a Crucible is a trial or battle someoneRead MoreMoral Conflict in the The Crucible Essay examples1500 Words   |  6 PagesMoral Conflict in the The Crucible Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, is a great portrayal of humans and their struggles. This play takes place in the 1690’s in Salem, a small Puritan community based on a rigid social system, where an outbreak of rumors claiming witchcraft contaminated the small village. The witch hysteria was initiated by a group of young girls (headed by Abigail Williams,) who were afraid of being accused of swaying from the strict regulations. This causedRead More Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay examples681 Words   |  3 PagesArthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, is a tragic story of injustice suffered by an innocent community who are subjected to the hypocritical, prideful judges of their trial. These Judges use their power to eliminate evidence of their mistakes and return their community to puritanical ways. The leaders of Salem are not concerned with seeking the truth and justice, but with maintaining their authority and reputations; this objective leads them to consistently rejectingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter and The Crucible Essay example1847 Words   |  8 PagesHuston  1   Zakary  Huston   Mr.  Montalbano   AP  English  Language  and  Composition   11  August  2014   The  Scarlet  Crucible      Both  Arthur  Miller’s  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ The  Crucible​   and  Nathaniel  Hawthorne’s  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ The  Scarlet  Letter​   include   instance  of  settlers  of  the  New  England  colonies  being  affected  by  Puritan  law.  Their   commentary  on  Puritan  society  is  spread  throughout  their  works.  Their  views  on  the  laws  set   forth  by  Puritanism  are  easily  found  within  their  stories  about  the  various  occurrences  in  a   theocracyRead More Unjustness in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay example1413 Words   |  6 Pages In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, unjustness is displayed constantly throughout the play, when innocent men and women are accused of witchcraft in the town of Salem during the 1690s. 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SenatorRead More Conflict and Tension Between The Proctors in The Crucible Essay example1418 Words   |  6 Pagesordinary man’s failure was just as moving and terrible. The play ‘The Crucible’ was first produced in 1953 in the middle of the McCarthy political witch hunt in America. Millar decided to write the play as an allegorical text and a parallel between the two events. The activities of the committee began to be linked in Miller’s mind with witchcraft trials which had taken place in the town of Salem 2 centuries before, for example, the committee often had in its possessions lists of people at variousRead MoreGood Versus Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay examples649 Words   |  3 Pages He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail (96). In the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller, people would do anything to get what they want. In the town of Salem good vs. evil plays a big role. The people of Salem are constantly debating about who is telling the truth and who is lying. People are also judged based on their religious views. Even though they had a lack of evidence, the town of Salem mislabeled people as good or evilRead More How Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? Essay examples3147 Words   |  13 PagesHow Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? In this essay, I will explore the message communicated through The Crucible to its audience, and the way in which its author, Arthur Miller, attempts to convey it, especially through one of the plays main characters, John Proctor. The main issues raised by the play are the role of the individual within society, the value of ones name and perceptions of justice and truth. I shall endeavour to expand on all of these topics and theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Hysteria In The Crucible1489 Words   |  6 Pagesfor. Hysteria is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating storms of emotion. Everyone is wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose of using it in his writing, how society at that time reacts to